Diagnostic Use
Globulin level is a calculated value: Total globulins = Total protein – Albumin
Globulin encompasses a diverse class of non-albumin circulating proteins. Although immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) are major components of the globulin fraction, globulin level is not very specific nor sensitive for immunoglobulin deficiencies or hypergammaglobulinaemia (e.g. in multiple myeloma) unless the level is very low or very high respectively.
If these conditions are suspected, recommend test for specific immunoglobulin levels and serum protein electrophoresis/immunofixation etc. Other tests are also available to specifically quantify non-immunoglobulin proteins within the globulin fraction, e.g. alpha 1 anti-trypsin, caeruloplasmin, transferrin and complements C3 and C4.
Causes of increased globulins:
Acute or chronic infections/inflammation
Autoimmune diseases
Chronic liver disease
Granulomatous disease e.g. TB, sarcoidosis
Malignancy (solid or haematological)
Monoclonal gammopathy
Causes of decreased globulins:
Nephrotic syndrome
Severe liver disease
Protein-losing enteropathy
Immunodeficiency (congenital or acquired)
Starvation/protein-deficient diet
Over-hydration (both globulins and albumin will be low)
Test Method
Refer to Total Protein (Blood) & Albumin (Blood)