Diagnostic Use
Rifampicin is commonly used for the treatment of tuberculosis. One of the major side effects of rifampicin is hepatotoxicity which is an idiosyncratic reaction rather than dose dependent toxicity. Periodic monitoring of hepatic enzyme tests is desirable for this purpose. Dose related flu-like syndrome usually appears only in those on >900mg/day, given as once or twice weekly regime. For patients on daily or alternate day regime, therapeutic drug monitoring of rifampicin is mainly used not for toxicity, but for monitoring anti TB efficacy especially in those suspected of poor compliance or having poor gastrointestinal absorption.
Rifampicin is best administered in a fasted state about 1hr before food. That is because oral bioavailability of rifampicin is reduced or delayed when the drug is co-administered with high fat and carbohydrate food. . At steady state, a dose of 600-750mg of rifampicin usually produces peak at 2 hours from time of intake. Serum half life of rifampicin is around 3 hours.
Interpretation
For those with 2 hour level below the therapeutic interval, check for:
1. Possibility of post-collection degradation. Repeat 2hr post dose blood test ensuring sample integrity (see above under Specimen Collection section).
2. 1 hour post dose level – some patients exhibit peak plasma concentrations at <2hrs – no need for dose adjustment.
3. 6 hours post dose level – help to differentiate delayed absorption (late peak, close to normal range) from malabsorption (low concentrations at all time points).
- If the 2hr and 6hr values are roughly the same and slightly below the therapeutic range or the 6hr level higher than the 2hr, then delayed absorption is likely. Delayed but near normal concentration does not require dose adjustment. It is possible that the actual peak occurred sometime between the 2hr and 6hr blood draws. Recommend taking the drugs on an empty stomach.
- If the 2hr and 6hr values are well below the lower limit of therapeutic interval, malabsorption is very likely. Consider dose escalation if poor compliance has been ruled out.
4. After discussion with ADHB respiratory team in April 2021, a 4 hours post dose level can also be clinically useful to document if a therapeutic level is achieved, and confirm adequate dosing.
Test Method
High performance liquid chromatography